Reef Guide

Ideal Reef Tank Water Parameters

Corals live and die by stable water chemistry. Here are the target ranges every reef keeper should know, what each parameter actually does, and how often to check it.

TankMate · Water quality · 7 min read

The reef parameter chart

ParameterTarget rangeTest how often
Temperature76–78 °F (24–26 °C)Daily (monitor)
Salinity1.025–1.026 (≈35 ppt)Weekly
pH7.8–8.4Weekly / monitor
Alkalinity (dKH)7–11 dKH2–3× per week
Calcium380–450 ppmWeekly
Magnesium1250–1350 ppmEvery 1–2 weeks
Nitrate (NO₃)2–10 ppmWeekly
Phosphate (PO₄)0.03–0.10 ppmWeekly

Ranges vary a little by coral type — SPS keepers run tighter and lower on nutrients than a soft-coral tank. The golden rule holds for all of them: stability beats perfection. A steady 9 dKH is better than a number that swings between 7 and 11.

What each parameter does

Alkalinity, calcium & magnesium — the "big three"

These build coral skeletons. Alkalinity (carbonate) is the one that moves fastest and matters most day to day. Calcium and magnesium work alongside it — low magnesium makes it hard to keep calcium and alkalinity stable at the same time, so check it when the big three won't settle.

Nitrate & phosphate — the nutrients

A little of both feeds corals and gives them color. Too much drives algae and browns corals out; too little (bottomed out) starves them and can trigger pale, stringy tissue. Aim for low but present. Here's how to bring nitrate down if it's climbing.

Salinity, temperature & pH — the environment

Salinity and temperature swings stress everything in the tank, so keep them boringly consistent. pH naturally drifts up in daylight and down at night; a stable daily rhythm matters more than any single reading.

How to actually keep them stable

  • Test on a schedule, not just when something looks off.
  • Change one thing at a time and re-test before changing the next.
  • Top off evaporation with fresh RO/DI, not saltwater, to hold salinity steady.
  • Dose to replace what corals consume (alkalinity first) rather than chasing numbers after they crash.

Watch the trend, not just the number

A single test is a snapshot; reef health is about the trend line. TankMate lets you log every parameter in seconds, charts them over time so you catch drift early, and rolls them into a single Tank Health Score — plus an AI read on what your combined numbers mean for your corals. It's free on Google Play.